Flashbacks and Foreshadowing in a Rose for Emily free essay sample

A Rose for Emily Analysis Piecing Together the Puzzle: Flashbacks and Foreshadowing in A Rose for Emily William Faulkner consolidates flashbacks and portending into the plot of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† to make an air of tension. Faulkner presents the life of the fundamental character, Emily Grierson, in an apparently scattered way, as the creator worked the occasions out of sequential request. The configuration of his story befuddles the peruser, and includes a degree of puzzle into the plot. The story starts toward the finish of Emily’s life, her burial service. The storyteller shows up as a resident of the town joining in. The individual communicates how Miss Emily’s disagreeability doesn’t influence the turnout, â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson passed on, our entire town went to her memorial service: the men through a kind of conscious warmth for a fallen landmark, the ladies generally to straighten something up to see within her home, which nobody spare an old manservantâ€a joined plant specialist and cook-had seen in any event ten years† (Faulkner 1). We will compose a custom paper test on Flashbacks and Foreshadowing in a Rose for Emily or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The statement sets the story up for a flashback, as one quickly ponders about the secret behind the inside of the house. In the following passage Faulkner portrays her home as following, â€Å"It was a major squarish casing house that had once been white, finished with vaults and towers and looked over galleries in the intensely lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select road. † (Faulkner 1). The writer portrays Miss Emily’s living arrangement, as â€Å"decorated with vaults and spires† (Faulkner 1), which introduces in the reader’s mind a delineation of an extravagant property. Through the narrator’s contemplations, Faulkner communicates the wonderfulness of the house which stood twenty years prior, and afterward takes the peruser back to introduce, by outlining the house’s current outward appearance. The flashback permits the peruser to increase a full comprehension of the critical change which happened to Miss Emily during her progress from youthful adulthood to an old lady, as the creator utilizes the house as a symbol of Miss Emily’s life. All through the story, flashbacks clarify the connection among Emily and her dad. In the subsequent area, the story bounces back to when Emily was simply turning thirty years of age. The creator depicts Miss Emily as â€Å"a thin figure in white in the background† (Faulkner 2), to give her magnificence and guiltlessness when she was more youthful, and continues to portray her dad as â€Å"a spraddled outline in the closer view, his back to her and gripping a horsewhip, both of them confined by the back-flung front door† (Faulkner 2). The past statements clear up the secret to why Miss Emily carries on so oddly. One can accept her dad floated over her as an oppressive figure in Emily’s life, and she doesn’t realize how to mix in socially without him to direct her. â€Å"The Griersons held themselves excessively high for what they truly were. None of the youngsters were very adequate for Miss Emily and such†¦ So when she got the opportunity to be thirty was as yet single, we were not satisfied precisely, however vindicated;† The reason for the flashback was to give her relationship with her dad, and clarify why she never entered a marriage. Her dad avoids each admirer who endeavors to court Emily, thus she never encountered the delight of being infatuated. The peruser may discover the connection between Homer Baron and Miss Emily suspect, as the past statement portrays how her family concurs no man was adequate for her. The tension fuels as it makes the peruser question the accomplishment of Miss Emily, and Homer’s relationship. As the plot advances, the peruser will come to perceive the statement anticipates into the explanation Emily killed Homer Baron. Driven by a frantic dread of depression, she murdered Homer to evade the danger of him leaving her. The segment of the story where Miss Emily purchased the arsenic additionally bolsters the hypothesis of her executing Homer. The entry says, â€Å"The pharmacist looked down at her. She glanced back at him, erect, her face like a stressed banner. â€Å"Why, of course,† the pharmacist said. â€Å"If that’s what you need. Be that as it may, the law requires you determine what you are going to utilize it for. † Miss Emily just gazed at him† (Faulkner 4). The peruser definitely knows Miss Emily as an upset elderly person; these lines in the story include tension as they propose she may accomplish something appalling with the arsenic. Faulkner expounds on each noteworthy occasion which happens in Miss Emily Grierson life; anyway they are not in arrangement. The peruser must sort out which parts of the story are going on continuously, and which parts are flashbacks. The flashbacks of the story are significant, as they give you foundation data, about Emily, her family, and her way of life. A rose for Emily is a riddle, a riddle the peruser must assemble, so as to appropriately comprehend the closure.

Paper1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paper1 - Essay Example This is clear in the all inclusive agree from diocesans to the unwavering featuring concerns delineating of confidence and ethics (Ratzinger 60). Religious philosophy is indivisible from chapel since it assumes a noteworthy job in satisfying the craving of God in contacting each person by giving a more profound comprehension of his statement (Ratzinger 65). Philosophical science looks to understand confidence particularly God and his salvation plan. Regardless of the difficulties looked by religious philosophy because of the dynamic culture, it has attempted to live up in light of the pace bearing conveying reality as obvious in the roused sacred texts. The facts demonstrate that man is uninformed about his genuine nature, and God’s plan (Ratzinger 65). Philosophy is significant to places of worship since understanding the good book needs research and meeting. The commitment of the religious field can't be thought little of on the grounds that it makes way for development and progress. Ratzinger, Joseph. Assembly for the Doctrine of the Faith. May 24, 1990. Web. 31st January 2012

We are the people in your neighborhood

We are the people in your neighborhood… First off, sorry I havent posted in a while, its been an intense yet fun week, and Ill probably blog about that this weekend. But on a completely unrelated noteheres my actual entry. Whats black and gray all over? A newspaper of course, silly. So my name appeared in this weeks edition of TechTalk, a newspaper published by the MIT News Office. Why you might ask? Answer: So this summer, along with a few other students, I embarked on the adventure of producing a documentary about the various dimensions of MITs diversity. MIT is a melting pot of ideas, people, cultures, and so many other things as well, so we wanted to capture small vignettes of this to communicate how diverse this campus truly is. Ill spare you the details of how challenging it was to produce a documentary on a PC intended for Matlab, and just tell you that it was hard. In the end, I was ultimately satisfied with the product. One of the aspects of MIT, I appreciate the most is the diversity. I guess it might be because it reminds me a lot of my family. If I were to list off every nationality Im mixed of, I could cover 6 continents within three generations. I remember coming to MIT for Campus Preview Weekend (CPW) and meeting people from all over. I was really surprised to meet people from a few miles from where I lived to people who lived on the opposite side of the globe. I was really surprised to be exposed to aspects of culture and diversity that Id never considered before. Its really awesome to be able to learn so much from people without having to ever go so far. MIT really brings the world to your doorstep. You can meet a lot of new people, try new things, and learn a lot.

Green Decisions Demographics and Consumer Understanding of Environmental Labels Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The data collected was analysed in reference to five major variables: age, income level, employment status, education and gender. By separating the survey results into these categories researchers determined how different demographics differed in their labelling perception and in their expectations. Because of the simple form of the questions put to survey-takers, the analysis of results was made fundamentally simple to understand and given the results of the data collection, it would have been easy for most individuals to form their own fact-based conclusions. The analysis is very forthright in its categorisation and it is easy to understand why the researchers chose to divide their information up in this way. References made to the 7-point Likert scale, ANOVA and Levene s homogeneity assumption are not properly explained, however, so it is difficult for the reader to grasp certain details of the analysis. ResultsDespite a basic differentiation between the scientific methods of an alysis utilized in this study and the capabilities of the average reader, the published results are simple and easy to grasp. Findings are published both in paragraph form and in graphs. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Decisions Demographics and Consumer Understanding of Environmental Labels or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Where the graphs might have been modified to encompass simple percentages for each category and piece of information, they instead rely on a high mathematics comprehension in their readers.

Bartleby The Scrivener Analysis - 1203 Words

Herman Melville is an acclaimed author of the American Renaissance period and his most commendable works include â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener†. The story of â€Å"Bartleby† is not only a revelation of the business world of the mid-19th century but at the same time, it is also the manifestation of the emerging capitalistic lifestyle of perhaps New York’s most prominent street, Wall Street. Bartleby is a rather peculiar yet captivating figure. Bartleby’s life and death contribute to a sort of enigma for the reader and his employer. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† is a story that criticizes the monotonous day-to-day cycle that the modern working man is forcibly put in by society. With that being said, the death of Bartleby not only serves as a reflection†¦show more content†¦This lack of information is amplified onto the reader and even before his death, Bartleby is already a haunting figure in the text. Interestingly, Bartleby is the complete opposite of the narrator, in that we know a great deal about the life of the narrator, but almost nothing about Bartleby. The narrator is also shown to be a man with purpose, though self-serving, whereas Bartleby exists as an aimless being. â€Å"He ran a day and night line, copying by sun-light and by candle-light. I should have been quite delighted with his application, had he been cheerfully industrious. But he wrote on silently, palely, mechanically† (Melville 6). This passage gives the impression that Bartleby had no choice in the matter but rather he was conformed into a set task with no deviation from it. As the story furthers, Bartleby demonstrates an extraordinary inclination to not do certain things. In many ways, Bartleby is an embodiment of Melville himself. Both Bartleby and Melville were writers of sorts and they were both proficient at what they did until came a period where they decide to stop doing what was asked of them and instead did what they preferred to. Melville changed his style of writing novels and stories resulting in backlash from society. Bartleby changed his office behavior and often said, â€Å"I would prefer not to† to given tasks which angered his co-workers. Eventually, Bartleby and Melville had reached a point in their life where they decided toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Bartleby, The Scrivener1810 Words   |  8 Pages In Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street,à ¢â‚¬  the scribe Bartleby works for a lawyer for a short period of time. During the time, the lawyer notices Bartleby’s odd characteristics which are similar to the characteristics of how lepers in The Bible are treated. In the short story, Melville infuses the story with symbols such as the Dead Letter Office and a key phrase that alludes to the narrator’s failure to answer the moral question that Bartleby presents of how lepersRead MoreBartleby The Scrivener Analysis1174 Words   |  5 Pages Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street† is compared to the article â€Å"Occupy Wall Street in perspective† by Craig Calhoun. Both writings share a common idea of protest by â€Å"preferring not to†. The purpose of â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† is to give insight on the life of ordinary people on Wall Street. While the purpose of â€Å"OWS† is to give insight on ordinary peoples lives during the protest. The article â€Å"OWS† shows why Bartleby in â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† prefers not to andRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Bartleby The Scrivener1814 Words   |  8 PagesMelville’s â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case† present the complexity of both the experience and interpretation of loneliness by providing two antithetical lenses through which to view the title characters’ isolation. The end of â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† is consolatory in nature, for Melville’s narrator sympathetically transfigures Bartleby from a symbol of difference to one of commonality. Melville implies that there is comfort to be sought in placing Bartleby within a largerRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Bartleby The Scrivener721 Words   |  3 Pages Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener,† Melville questions the efficiency of property ownership in terms of wealth. Through the act ions of the lawyer and the scrivener, Bartleby, Melville portrays two contrary views concerning the importance of money in society. Meanwhile, the lawyer resolutely considers money as a commodity, assigning all materialistic items a dollar value. Bartleby indirectly implies his belief that money purposely acting as a concept openly disregarding and opposing itsRead MoreBartleby, the Scrivener Story Analysis535 Words   |  3 Pagesso, you could relate with the lawyer in the story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener.† In this story, the narrator, who is a lawyer, has a simple man named Bartleby respond to a job opening as a scrivener. Unbeknownst to the lawyer, Bartleby did not act in the manner the lawyer would have expected. Bartleby is so outside of what is expected that it is almost as if he had died and no longer had to live up to society’s standards. In this story, Bartleby is portrayed as a lifeless zombie and is alone withRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Bartleby, The Scrivener808 Words   |  4 Pages In his short-story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street,† Herman Melville presents an elderly Wall Street lawyer who has trouble dealing with the behavior of his employee Bartleby. The Lawyer, who is a major character in the story, serves as the first-person narrator, which helps readers understand his thoughts and feelings regarding the plot and its characters. This technique allows one to infer that the Lawyer is not a round character; there is no complexity in identifying with theRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Bartleby, The Scrivener And Lusus Naturae Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesCharacter Analysis Choosing between the two stories we were given was more of a challenge than I originally thought it would be. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† and â€Å"Lusus Naturae† are completely different stories, but both bizarre and interesting in their own ways. For me, I found one captured my interest slightly more. I found the narrator in â€Å"Lusus Naturae† compelling because of how she handles her affliction. Here you have a young girl who from the age of seven until the time of her assumed deathRead Moreâ€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and A Sorrowful Woman: Character Analysis1695 Words   |  7 Pagesreaders with characters that have two similar but very different stories that end in the same result. In Herman Melville’s story â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† readers are presented with Bartleby, an interesting and minimally deep character. In comparison to Gail Godwin’s work, â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† we are presented with a nameless wom an with a similar physiological state as Bartleby whom expresses her feelings of dissatisfaction of her life. Here, a deeper examination of these characters their situations andRead MoreThe School Of Marxist Criticism1703 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to remember because there were really not an idea of a working class in this point of time. To make this whole process into smaller detailed approaches I will break it down to six small key vocabulary words, which I will hopefully use in my analysis. One of those keys is proletariat, which in other words means the working class people who perform all of the labor which in real life situations make the majority of the population today. The second is bourgeois which is the upper class and theyRead More Comparing Loss of Self in Soldiers Home, Pauls Case, and Bartleby1442 Words   |  6 PagesLoss of Self in Hemingways Soldiers Home, Cathers Pauls Case, and Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingways Soldiers Home, Cathers Pauls Case, and Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener all present a loss of self. These stories prove that there is a fine line between finding ones self and losing ones self. I believe this loss can occur at any age or station of life. This idea is seen in each storys main character. Hemingways Soldiers Home depicts a young man in

The Tragic Story of Judas Iscariot Essay - 975 Words

The Tragic Story of Judas Iscariot Judas Iscariot. A man who usually strikes fear into the hearts of Christians and Jews alike. But who is this praised man of Kerioth, really? He betrayed our LORD for 30 silver shekels. Yet, there HAS to be SOME good in him, or else, why on earth would Jesus pick him? Ill inform you on Judas possible motives, thoughts that may have been running through his head before and after the fact, his culpability, and the status of his soul. Most people believe Judas only motive for betraying Jesus to the Sanhedrin was greed. Others say he might be trying to simply get Jesus to confound His enemies, not get condemned. I believe the latter is more correct. First off, 30 silver shekels is not much, about†¦show more content†¦Now hes probably thinking How could this happen?! Why me?!? I dont want to go to Hell!!!! I refuse to believe what He said about me!!!! And at that very moment, Satan possesses him (John 13:27). Which brings us to our next point. When you are possessed by the Devil, you have no control over your body or actions. Yet you still have full knowledge of whats happening; its like being trapped in an inescapable glass box. So is Judas accountable? My theory is yes, because he did not try to stop Satans influences. But this also applies to the other Eleven; they didnt try to exorcise Judas, cast Satan out of him, or simply prevent him from carrying out his wicked plan. They could clearly see what happened to Judas; how else would John 13:27 be in there? The other Disciples, ipso facto of them not doing anything, were aiding and abetting Satan. Shame on them. Now, after the Sanhedrin condemned Jesus, Judas was filled with remorse and repented. However, he then hanged himself. This now raises the question: where is Judas soul? My theory is that since Judas was wracked with guilt and declared, Ive sinned!!!! Ive betrayed innocent blood!!!!! (Luke 27:4), this means he has the Holy Spirit in him, because, if he didnt, he would have felt no remorse, and the Holy Spirits job is to convict us of sin, and anyone with the Holy Spirits indwelling is saved. But then theres that curse Jesus pronounced upon JudasShow MoreRelatedJesus: The Tragic Hero Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesWith Christianity being the number one universalizing religion, many are familiar with at the story of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. Though they may not actually belong to the religion, many also celebrate the holidays of Christmas and Easter, both of which are extremely important days in the Christian religion. These two have been used for marketing seasonal goods to the United States in particular. Christmas is the time of extravagant spending for the gifts of children and loved ones, while EasterRead MoreThe Woman Who Speaks to the Man Who Employrs Her Son1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe Woman Speaks to the Man Who Has Employed Her Son Summary: The persona in this poem is telling the story of a mother who loved her son. The mother became aware of the childs presence when she experienced morning sickness. She placed all her hopes in the child and raised him as a single parent because his father was indifferent to the childs existence. The mother had set no barriers on what the child could become, but he grows up to work for some criminal who drags him into a war and gives himRead MoreEssay Passion of the Christ560 Words   |  3 Pagesreview that said if it was good or bad or if it was well acted or if it was worth the watch. Everyone just seemed to be interested in saying that it is too violent, the movie should not have been made and Mel Gibson shouldnt be making money from a story about Jesus. (It made $212m in its second weekend in the US) In my opinion its better to see a film without hearing too much about it beforehand. With The Passion I was expecting to be bored for the first hour while seeing Christ preaching toRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthat all ends on a foul note. However, in Shakespeare’s tragic play, Othello, Othello ends his life on an unforeseen ‘positive’ note, with an understanding of his flaws, and a realization that Desdemona and himself were both upstanding individuals. His egocentric personality remains consistent, yet this self-dominant personality slides away ever so slightly to show his feelings for her and regret. This claim of Othello’s ‘positive’ yet tragic understanding of his own self is seen throughout the playRead MoreInferno Research Paper1715 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional and frequently faints when he becomes overly frightened or moved. In Canto III, Dante is warned by Charon to keep away from the dead so uls. This warning, along with a sudden earthquake, causes Dante to faint. In Canto V, Dante hears of the tragic love story of Paulo and Francesca and how they ended up in the Second Circle of Hell, designed for the Lustful, those who committed sins of the flesh. Dante is overcome with pity and faints again. In the Seventh Circle of Hell, Dante is approached by aRead MoreDantes Inferno and The Afterlife Essay1819 Words   |  8 PagesFor centuries humans have been drawing parallels to help explain or understand different concepts. These parallels, or allegories, tell a simple story and their purpose is to use another point of view to help guide individuals into the correct line of thought. â€Å"The only stable element in a literary work is its words, which if one knows the language in which it is written, have a meaning. The significance of that meaning is what may be called allegory.†(Bloomfield) As Bloomfield stated, it is onlyRead MoreEssay on American Musicals2785 Words   |  12 Pagesled nowhere. The shows were deprived of tune and were unmelodic and formless. With rare exceptions, audiences rarely left the theatre singing the show tunes. Rock and roll couldn’t be assimilated in a dramatic structure. The songs just didn’t tell a story. It was not until 1960 that Broadway faced up to the rising trend. Finally, musical theatre accepted rock music into its production. Never will audiences see new musicals in the style of Oklahoma!, Brigadoon and South Pacific. These musicals wereRead MoreChristian Prejudice and Racial Discrimination of Marginalized in the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare3691 Words   |  15 Pagesinfluential models for the character of Shylock were no doubt drawn from literature, not real life. The Jewish villain was a stock character in medieval literature. Medieval passion plays, reenactments of the story of the crucifixion of Jesus, invariably portrayed the disloyal disciple Judas Iscariot as a stereoty pical Jew. Of course, historically, Jesus and all of his disciples were Jewish, but this was ignored. Subsequent authors, when they portrayed Jewish characters at all, they always cast them as

Human Resource for Performance Appraisal - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource for Performance Appraisal. Answer: Performance Management and Performance Appraisal Performance management is the process of measuring the performance of the human resources in an organization. On the other hand, Performance appraisal implies the investigation of a worker's execution and their gauge for future development and advancement. In simpler words, it is said that performance management is a process that targets at planning, monitoring, and evaluation of the objective of the employee and his contribution to the organization (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, Halligan, 2015). The manager and employee of the company participate in the process to evaluate the performance of the employees and to provide feedback to the employees. On the other hand, performance appraisal valuation of the employee by the employer takes place. It is a logical and systematic review conducted by the organization on annual basis to evaluate the overall performance. It helps the employer to consider the abilities and skills of the employees for their future growth that enhances the efficiency of employees (Dusterhoff, Cunningham, MacGregor, 2014). There is a difference between the performance management and performance appraisal. Here's a table that shows some of the essential variances (Mone, London, 2014). Performance management Performance appraisal Strategic Operational More likely to include dialog Top-down assessment Future-oriented for growth Reviewing for corrections Continuous or on-going evaluation, combined with official reviews Occur once or twice per year Less likely to include scores Frequently uses rankings and ratings Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches It usually includes quantitative approach Flexible process Rigid system Related with the business needs Not related to corporate needs Collective Individual Not linked with the compensation Linked with the reimbursement Less concerned with certification Often very bureaucratic with an emphasis on documentation or paperwork Conducted by the supervisors as well as managers Frequently conducted by HR department These processes are conducted by the managers and the supervisors of the organization along with the employees. The managers and the employees face some of the challenges while implementing the performance management as well as performance appraisals. Management of the performance system requires a disciplined outline. The management duty at diverse levels needs to understand the estimation improvement, contracting and evaluation process enormously well and apply it reliably. Moreover, the management wants to value that completing management is not an occasion but rather something that is overseen every day except noted and detailed at exact circumstances over surveys and evaluations (Shields, et.al. 2015). The manager of the company needs to be very specific with the framework it is using to evaluate the performance of the employees in the organization. Suppose, the managers or the supervisors of the company didn't manage the performance on time then there will be a lack of the vali d measurements and the evidence. In this case, the manager will not be able to give collective feedback to the employees. Even the employee will not be able to implement on the feedback given by the manager. Lack of credibility will be a challenge for the employees. If the employees will not keep trust on the manager they will not be able to bring improvement in the performance according to the feedback given to them. The relationship between the managers and the employees need to be truthful. The performance of the employees can affect the companys goals and objectives. Employees of the organization might find themselves de-motivated due to reviews and rating process. This will also reduce the engagement of the employees in the activities. Over here, the manager of the company should conduct training sessions that can help employees to understand the reason behind getting fewer ratings and reviews. So that employees can work on the personal development and will be able to perform well. Effective performance management authorises representatives and collections to understand the goals of the association and to distinguish how individual and group yields add to the achievement of commanding destinations in agreement with hierarchical esteems. The combination of individuals, assembling and accomplishment with hierarchical goals generates individual, group and authoritative capability encouraging higher execution (Klingner, Nalbandian, Llorens, 2015). An Effective performance management process enables to form the connection between vital corporate goals and individuals' everyday actions and errands. A successful objective setting outline, consolidated with a procedure for the previous movement can contribute fundamentally to a single, group, and hierarchical execution. The employee gets Performance appraisals in the form of promotions or extra benefits. Performance appraisals help the employees in understanding the role of the employees in the success of the company. The high productivity of the employees will help in increasing the productivity of the company and that will ultimately help in enhancing the success of the company. An employee who gets the performance appraisal will find a rise in the job satisfaction and try to improve the employee's sense of loyalty towards the company (Choudhary, Akhtar, Zaheer, 2013). This will result in the low employee retention during the period. Performance appraisals motivate the employees towards the work and that shows a rise in the efficiency and productivity. An employee will be eligible for the performance appraisal once he/she will be able to maintain performance in the organization. HR of the organization plays a vital role in performance management and performance appraisal. HR makes sure that Fair performance system takes place while evaluating the performance of the employee. There should be no discrimination while evaluating the performance in context to the demographic groups (Cerasoli, Nicklin, Ford, 2014). The HR of the company conducts training for all the managers to make sure that each manager of the company is following the same process for all the employees. Poor performance reviews can create an adverse effect on the relation of the employee and the manager. After the performance evaluation, the HR of the organization checks with both the employees and managers if they are facing any concern (Armstrong, Taylor, 2014). HR maintains the scorecard for the employees progress, for this HR need to maintain the record in the secure locations. This prevents any kind of failures in the process. Though, the whole process is time-consuming by doing so a comp any will be able to resolve if any of the problem faced by the manager or employees. The human resource team will get to about the future action of the employees. This helps them to retain the employee suppose in case the employee is going to leave the organization. HR also tries to enhance the morale of the employees, so that they can give a maximum of contribution to achieve the organization goals. HRD assumes a critical portion in outlining and actualizing execution evaluations. The HR crowd goes about as middle person between the practical heads or looking into experts and the representative. It is a responsibility of the HR team to design the appraisal process. The individual team in the organization will not be able to rate themselves according to the KRAs of the performance (Jacobs, Belschak, Den Hartog, 2014). It is the duty of the HR team to communicate the whole process of the performance appraisal to the employees. The Criterion of performance evaluation should be clear as well as straightforward. Give suitable formulating to representatives with the objective that they take the whole process of execution inspection effortlessly and sportingly. Though, some of the employees believe that this process needs to be conducted by the managers only. Performance appraisal is just not a method to build one's reward but rather give inputs to employees and monitor them accordingly. The HR group equally needs to sit with the looking into experts to assure inspections are done on time and just the deserving representatives get the rewards. Appraisal should not to be for everyone but rather just for the persons who have worked really tough all as the time progressed. Once the appraisal is complete, it is HR responsibility to hand over the additional letters or audit reports (Reiche, Mendenhall, Stahl, 2016). The HR team also guides the manager and the supervisors of the company so that there will be no discrimination between the employees. Though it may create the confusion for the mangers sometimes managers have to take step considering the KRAs achieved by the employees. Over here, the HR role is an essential role and this will lead to the accomplishment of the strategic goals of the company. New strategies and HR's inclusion in Strategic administration now have changed the impacts where HR evaluates individuals on the more important yield execution like quality, profitability, inside and outer consumer loyalty. On the off chance that negative criteria are utilized, these moved toward becoming imperfections or adjust squanders, and inward and outside client grumblings or returns. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 140(4), 980. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 433-440. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., MacGregor, J. N. (2014). The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(2), 265-273. Jacobs, G., Belschak, F. D., Den Hartog, D. N. (2014). (Un) ethical behavior and performance appraisal: the role of affect, support, and organizational justice. Journal of business ethics, 121(1), 63-76. Klingner, D., Nalbandian, J., Llorens, J. J. (2015). Public personnel management. Routledge. Mone, E. M., London, M. (2014). Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Reiche, B. S., Mendenhall, M. E., Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2016). Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015). Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., Halligan, J. (2015). Performance management in the public sector. Routledge.

Avoiding age discrimination on the job

Avoiding age discrimination on the job The truth is, we’re sometimes judged by things that are beyond our control- this is true in all facets of life, including the world of work. One of the biggest workplace reversals in recent decades is the perception of age. At one time, age was looked at as a valuable commodity among employees- an indication of experience, wisdom, and know-how. While this is still true in some industries and companies, in many others age has become a perceived weakness of sorts- an indication of decreasing relevance, energy, and understanding of how the modern world (including current business needs and consumer demands) works. In years past, companies felt the need to have older, experienced employees in positions of power and decision-making; now, they’re increasingly allowing fresh young minds and perspectives at their helms to steer them towards success in our rapidly evolving, techno-centric world.So, where does this leave aging and older employees? The truth is, the general outloo k isn’t black and white- many older employees will figure out how to avoid age discrimination and find professional success, while others will struggle and face a variety of challenges along the way. Ladders discussed the issue of age discrimination in a recent article that included some helpful advice on how to face this tricky topic.Which side of the fence will you be on? While it may be impossible to completely control how the professional world perceives you as you get older, there are things you can do to hopefully avoid age discrimination- whether you’ve been on the job for years or are job hunting for your next position. Use the following strategies to avoid age discrimination in your professional life.Stay relevant.The world of work is quickly evolving, and those of us who work to stay relevant are much more likely to have a place in it- those who chose to endlessly bemoan these changes and remain stuck in the past will have a much harder road ahead of them.Reg ardless of your age, fight to stay relevant- master the current technology used by your office and industry (take classes if need be), get flexible and comfortable with a new agile and lean workplace environment (this may mean working remotely at a work share facility instead of having your own office), and even follow current styles of professional behavior and dress so that you fit in (get casual and ditch the tie or blazer if you’re the only one wearing them). Bottom line- if you want to seem relevant, make sure that you don’t stand out for the wrong reasons and show that you’re more than ready for whatever changes are on the horizon.Embrace change.Simply put, everything is changing- the old rules and ways of doing things are being tossed out the window and replaced by new approaches and innovations. By not only staying on top of these changes but embracing them, you’ll continually reassert your professional relevance and value and increase your chance s of being viewed as an asset, not an outdated fossil waiting to be put out to pasture.Demonstrate that you’re not only the kind of employee who can handle change, but can also  thrive when change happens, and can even lead the charge forward. For example, think of ways your company can take advantage of current and emerging innovation and show the powers that be that you can help steer your company to future success. It’ll be hard to deny your value as an employee if you’re constantly offering bold new ideas for how your company can face the future.When all else fails- assert your rights.If you’re doing all you can to remain a current and valuable part of the modern workplace but are still facing seemingly insurmountable hurdles, the truth is that age discrimination is illegal. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) protects workers over the age of 40 from discrimination on the basis of age. If you feel that you’re being unfairly discri minated against on the basis of age, know your rights and options and don’t be afraid to take action.The bottom lineWhile getting older does present new challenges for navigating the work world, you don’t have to let your age wholly define you as an employee or job candidate, and you shouldn’t allow yourself to be a victim of age discrimination. Use the strategies and advice presented here to avoid age discrimination and remain a valuable professional commodity. When the wave of change hits your industry or company (and there’s a good chance it already has), will you sink or swim? Take charge of your professional future.

Insect Classification - Subclass Apterygota

Insect Classification - Subclass Apterygota The name Apterygota is Greek in origin, and means without wings. This subclass contains primitive hexapods that do not fly, and were wingless throughout their evolutionary history.   Description: The primitively wingless hexapods undergo little or no  metamorphosis. Instead, the larval forms are smaller versions of their adult parents. Apterygotes molt throughout their lives, not just during the growth phase. Some apterygotes, like silverfish, may molt dozens of times and live several years.   Three of the five orders classified as Apterygota are no longer considered true insects. Diplurans, proturans, and springtails are now referred to as the entognathous orders of hexapods. The term entognath (ento meaning inside, and gnath meaning jaw) refers to their internal mouthparts. Orders in the Subclass Apterygota: Diplura - diplurans (Entognatha)Protura - proturans  (Entognatha) Collembola - springtails  (Entognatha)Thysanura - silverfish and firebrats (Insecta)Microcoryphia - jumping bristletails  Ã‚  (Insecta)    Sources: Apterygota, by John R. Meyer, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University. Accessed online October 29, 2015.Hexapod taxonomy lecture slides, by Christopher Brown, Department of Biology, Tennessee Tech University. Accessed online October 29, 2015.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.

Tradition paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tradition paper - Essay Example The first homecoming event started with a football match between Pomona College and Wildcats. During the historic moment, Pomona college team lost to Wildcats before a crowd of the 1,500 University of Arizona alumni. The tradition continued annually with usual homecoming football game as kickoff. Thereafter, the tradition became famous, and other games joined including athletes. Homecoming tradition has changed since its inception in 1914. The tradition started with a remarkable football game on the afternoon before a crowd of approximately 1,500 people. Currently, homecoming tradition has grown into the largest and most famous event in college history. In addition, to the increased number of homecoming event attendance, officials of the tradition have increased the number of activities and celebrations done by the alumni. Moreover, homecoming tradition has evolved from when it used to register freely participants to the current state involving electing homecoming queens and kings. Furthermore, homecoming event officials hold enormous parades with more technical materials. The tradition has also designed mascots. It is evident that the praxis of homecoming queen and king begun after World War II. During the homecoming event, student council would normally elect a homecoming queen before the king. However, the tradition of electing the king heightened in 1983. Thereafter, homecoming event begun a praxis of crowning queen and King at pep rally situated close to Old Main and at the bonfire. Homecoming parade had also evolved from the time when student council operated it at along the streets of downtown Tucson. Thereafter, parade moved to the University of Arizona mall where it developed into the largest and entertaining parade. The most widely attended event among homecoming activities includes tents on the mall beside the football game. Tents on the mall event consisted of various

Early childhood education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Early childhood education - Essay Example Rationale Young children can learn mathematics from anywhere. Number is all around them such as their age, their address and their telephone number and children need to find meaning and connections between numbers, as if trying to understand another language In a sense, math’s is another language in another form that children need to decipher. At a very early age, children can already learn the concepts of numerical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, but of course, presented in a developmentally-appropriate manner This research proposal aims to find out how teachers in Key stage 1 approach the teaching of mathematics to their children At this age, it is important that children use a lot of concrete materials to learn math concepts since they still think in more concrete ways. That is why the use of manipulative materials is essential to their learning (Ruthven, 1987). Maths is viewed by some people as being complicated and a number of adults admit that they are not successful in math-related tasks. It is therefore important to study how young children can be helped to make maths more fun and easier to understand so that they will develop a positive disposition towards it. That way, it is assumed that they will be more successful in learning maths. Aim To explore how numeracy skills may be better learned using manipulative materials in key stage 1. Objectives 1. To research related literature on how numeracy skills are developed in KS1 including what strategies teachers use to involve manipulative materials.... The researcher is in a position to compare existing literature and decide which information will best answer the research aim. A literature search strategy was devised, involving identification of certain keywords. Online libraries were searched for full-text articles with the key topics: Key stage 1 maths, use of manipulatives, maths strategies, numeracy skills, perception of math teachers and the like. Matches that came up were analyzed according to the relevance to the study based on the following inclusion criteria: information was from 2005 or more recent, studies conducted in the UK only, author’s credentials were compared and only sources which referenced their information were included. This inclusion criterion enabled papers relevant to math education, numeracy skills and math teaching to be accessed. Forward and backward citations were also used. The qualitative information was based on the literature search which was specifically relevant to developing numeracy skil ls with manipulative materials. In addition, research on quantative methods, specifically on survey questionnaires and interviews were also sought. All the references were charted in a literature matrix as shown in the Appendix 1. Literature review Piaget (1969) theorised that intellectual development is influenced by both maturation and experience. â€Å"Cognitive development is indicated by a growing ability to plan, to employ strategies for remembering and to seek solutions to problems† (Brewer, 2001, p.26). Piaget describes the cognitive development of children progress in stages. Key stage 1 children belong to the Pre-Operational period (two to seven years) of Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development. This period marks the time when a child

History of Curriculum and Ethics in Siam: 1935-1970

History of Curriculum and Ethics in Siam: 1935-1970 Chapter IV Primary Curriculum and Ethics Instruction During 1935 1970 (B.E. 2478 2513) In the previous three Chapters we have seen that in Siam[1], throughout the periods with which we are concerned, the kings had absolute power and were treated recognized as the ‘Lord of life’.  They who seemed to bewere ultimate authorities in all aspects of the country’s development, including education.  Even though the education ministry was established in 1894, educational policies were still under controlled ofby the kings through the.  ministers of the education whom he assigned. However, in 1932 a military coup brought the era of absolute monarchy to an abrupt end and replaced it with a constitutional monarchy in which the king was confined to a largely ceremonial role.   Few years after co-operation with the new administrative power under the institutional system, king Rama VII felt uneasy to compromise his different political opinion with the political leaders that brought to his abdication in 1935.  Therefore the constitutional government had absolute power over the country.  The ‘modernization period’ of educational reform thus initiated in 1935 and which continued till 1970, was a period of transformation, as the political revolution triggered changes in every aspect of Thai society. The administrative power was transferred from king to Prime minister and his cabinets. Though the minister of education was remained the same in the beginning of this period, but one out of six pillar policies of the cabinet was to provide equal education to all, hence wWe would expect that ethics instruction could hardly have escaped these political is socialand social upheaval untouched. The question is therefore just how far and in what ways ethics instruction was transformed during the modernization period. 1. The Modernization Period 1935 – 1970 (B.E.2478-2513)   In 1935, after the abdication of King Rama VII, King Rama VIII was offered the crown.  A young man on his ascent to the throne, he reigned for 11 years, most of which he spent outside the kingdom, for his education and especially during the period of World War II.  He died in mysterious circumstances in 1946.  Besides, he was under the constitution monarchy system; his impact on Thai education was thus invisible. His brother, Rama IX, followed him on the thrown and has held it to the present day – the longest reigning monarch in the world.  However, since we are concerned with educational issue in primary curriculum and the ethics instruction in this period, the discussion will end at the year of 1970 which is in the first 25 years of Rama IX’s reign.  In this modernization period, primary curriculum was developed based on western idea and theory.  There was a Royal Announcement and four primary curricula used in this period, which are the following: Royal Announcement 1936  (B.E. 2479) Primary Curriculum  1937 ( Laksutr Prathomsuksa : B.E.2480) Primary Curriculum 1948 ( Laksutr Prathomsuksa: B.E.2491) Primary Curriculum  1955 ( Laksutr Prathomsuksa : B.E.2498) Primary Curriculum 1960 ( Laksutr Prathomsuksa Tonton and Tonplai : B.E.2503) Ginsburg says that to examine the educational reformation efforts in any country, the global structural and ideological context must be investigated on how they constrain it is necessary to investigate how the global structural and ideological contexts constrain and enableand enable individual and group actors’ transactions concerning education.[2] From such a perspective the situation of Thailand is peculiar. As mentioned earlier that in this period, the absolute monarchy system was replaced by the constitutional monarchy system. Consequently, the central administrative system and politics were changed into democratic system based on the western view. However, although though the constitution was the supreme law of the Kingdom of Thailand, the country has had 18 charters and constitutions[3] since the coup backed the change from the absolute to constitutional monarchy in 1932, and this reflects the high degree of political instability and frequency of military coups faced by the nation. After each successful coup, the military regimes abrogated existing constitutions and promulgated interim ones. Somehow, this circumstance affected the national socio-economics, religion, and education.  The question is how far and in what ways ethics instruction in primary curriculum was affected by all such a fluid political situation. 1.1. Politics and Administration  1935 1970 (B.E.2478 2513) After the 1932 revolution by People’s Party, King Rama VII or King Prajadhipok was forced to grant the first constitution on 10 December 1932 by the three main coup leaders with, [4] who were educated who were scholarship students and educated in France and Germany where the national revolution and social crisis was floated over in nineteenth century. after French Revolution and social crisis. These reformers or coup leaders, who were known as the promoters, were representatives of the younger generation of western-oriented political elite that were educated to be helpersbe instruments of an absolute monarchy that they viewed as archaic and inadequate to the task of modern government. The principals in the coup identified themselves as nationalists. All of them became prime ministers and the major figures in Thai politics for the next three decades. Pridi Phanomyong[5],, one of the countrys leading intellectuals, was the most influential civilian promoter, who became a prime minister in 1946/B.E.2489. His chief rival among the other promoters was Pibul, or Luang Plaek Pibulsongkram[6], an ambitious junior army officer who later attained the rank of field marshal and was the prime minister during 1938/1944 and 1948-1957/B.E.2481-2487;2491-2500. Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena[7], the senior member of the group, who was sent by royal schorlarship to study in Germany and Denmark from 1903 till 1912, he became the prime minister in 1933-1938/B.E.2476-2481 represented old-line military officers dissatisfied with cuts in appropriations for the armed forces. After the triumph of the coup, these three exercised power as members of a cabinet, the Commissariat of the People, chosen by the National Assembly that had been summoned by them. To compromise both modern and conservative opinion, a retired jurist, Phraya Manopakorn Nithitada[8], was chosen as the president of the first committees assembly, and the first prime minister after the political change during 1932-1933/B.E.2475-2476. Since the country has been ruled by prime minister and his cabinet under constitutional system, king has no absolute power as before.   However, in this period, there were some remarkable circumstances related to kings’ life that more or less provided some political stresses such as king Rama VII’s abdication and the mystery death of king Rama VIII. Interestingly to learn how kings’ position and mission could be, and how the government under democratic system took place in the period of significant political change. 1.1.1.  King Rama VII’s Abdication Due to the coupSince 1932, king Prajadhipok or king Rama VII, to avoid violence, surrendered his absolute power to the coup leaders, then the country has been governed under democratic system where the king has no power under the constitution but he remains as the symbol of national identity and unity. Since then king Rama VII had co-operated his mission with the new governors till 1934 he went abroad for a medical treatment. Whereas he was abroad he proposed to the government some conditions in serving as constitutional monarch. However, the government would not agree with his opinion, and so on March 2nd, 1935 he announced his resignation and issued a brief statement criticizing the administration. In it he wrote, â€Å"I wish to surrender my formerly absolute powers to all people, not to turn them over to anyone or any group to use in an autocratic manner without concerning the people’s voice.†[9] In his letter, he blamed the government of having no hold for democratic principles, employing methods of administration incompatible with individual freedom and the principles of justice, ruling in an autocratic manner and not letting the people have a real voice in country’s affairs. Anyhow, the resignation from the throne of king Rama VII gave a good chance to the constitutional government to select the next king on their choice. Instead of choosing Prince Chulachakrapongse,[10] who was on the first ranking of royal family to success to the throne, the parliament, by the convince of Pridi, selected Prince Ananda Mahidol, the youngest son of HRH Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and Mom Sri-Sangwal (later Somdej Phra Sri Nakarindhara Boromaratchachonnani), who was only 9 years old and studying in Switzerland to be the next king. His young age and absence from the country were the causes of the selection that would grant to the government an absolute freedom in ruling the country without king’s power or interference. Accordingly, Prince Ananda Mahidol was in the throne as king Rama VIII in 1935.   1.1.2.  King Rama VIII and Assassination (1935-1946) After king Rama VII’s Abdication, prince Ananda Mahidol was elected by the government to succeed king Rama VII, his uncle on March 2, 1935 as king Rama VIII.  However, with his 9 years old, he continued his studying and staying with his family in Lausanne, Switzerland.  He visited Thailand at the first time in 1939 when he was 13 years old. As seen in the news, television, including the story of See Phandin (Four Reigns), many people were excited to see their young king who had grown up in European country after Siam had been without a resident king for many years. Having heard about his news and seeing his good looking, the people admired king Rama VIII greatly, therefore after his first visit the country and departing to study again, thousands of people went to see him off at the airport, wished him and looked forward for his return. Seven years later (1946), at the age of 20, King Ananda Mahidol was back to Thailand together with the Princess Mother, Sri-sangval, and his younger brother, Prince Bhumibol[11]. By this time, he visited some communities  His visits in Bangkok and the surrounding areas were heartily welcomed whereas his informal and warm contact were impressed by the people in those areas. One important place of his visits was Sampheng[12], a district in Bangkok that King Rama I gave to the Chinese community after the establishment of Bangkok as the capital of the country in 1782. Before Chinese people were living in the place where  King Rama I would construct the royal residence (Grand Palace at present) on, therefore, Chinese residents were asked to move and settle down in Sampheng.  Since then, there had been clashes between the local people who had lived at Sampheng before and the Chinese people who moved into that area. Thus the visit of King Rama VIII and prince Bhumibol, his brother, not only be appreciated  but also released the tension conflict and reconciled among the local Thais and Chinese communities.  This might be the last memorial mission of king Rama VIII. On June 9th, 1946, unexpectedly a few days before his return to Switzerland to achieve his education, he was mysteriously assassinated with a gun shot in his room at Boromphimarn Palace.[13]  Certainly, the news of the King’ death in such circumstance shocked the people and made them cried. The entire country dressed in black and miserable prevailed in every corner of the nation. The first official announcement was mentioned that king Rama VIII shot himself accidently, later due to some investigations, his close servers were killed for this guilt. likewise, Pridi, who was elected by the parliament to be the prime minister one day before the king’s death, was accused to get involved.  Nevertheless, the cause of his unexpected death has remained in doubt and been officially unexplained up to now. The reign of king Rama VIII was 11 years and under the new democratic system and since he was very young and spent most of the time in studying aboard that required a Council of Regency, so as a powerless king, he didn’t conduct many tasks in his kingship. Nevertheless he still earned love, respect and be memorized by people for his gentleness, sincerity, and intellectual. After his death, his brother Prince Bhumipol Aduldej was invited to succeed as King Rama IX. 1.1.3.  King Rama IX (1946-present) Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej[14] was born in 1927, in the United States.  He first came to Thailand in 1928 and finished his primary education at Mater Dei school, a catholic school in Bangkok.  In 1933, after the political change in Thailand, he left with his family for Switzerland. After his brother, king Rama VIII’s death, he ascended the throne on June 9, 1946 as king Bhumibol or Rama IX.  However, he returned to study in Switzerland till 1950 and went back to Thailand for the Coronation Ceremony on May 5, 1950.   On that day he announced that â€Å"I will reign the country with Dharma for the benefit and happiness of the people†[15]. His word reflected on his private missions in developing people’s welfare especially for poor people. As a king of democratic system, he is under the constitution and no administrative power, his signature of approval for political affair is required as only official tradition. Since he came to the throne after tragic difficulties such as absolute monarchy’s failure, king Rama VII’s abdication, and lately his king brother’s assassination, moreover, he was invited from the constitutional government to be in the reign, therefore, he or less has been aware of his missions in king’s position.  He spent most of the time in visiting ruler people that made him found more than thousand agricultural and natural protection projects to help the poor.   Though he is under constitution and has less power than the absolute monarchy, according to his vision or guidance, many projects are initiated by cooperating with local people, government agencies, and NGOs.  As a result, he gains enormous popular respect and moral authority in his long reign, more than 60 years.  In addition, he was from time to time drawn to get involved with some political crises or national conflicts. It can be said that, to some extent, the king Rama IX indirectly helped and influenced political issues that considerably of his national concern by his moral power. Due to the political change in 1932 with the constitutional system in 1935, the monarchy’s power in administration was transferred to prime minister and his cabinet. It is interesting to take a look at the democratic government that would be the key of development and reformation of the country in all aspects including educational reform. 1.1.4.  Government and Administrative Structure As this period of modernization under the constitutional monarchy system, all official works of the country were conducted by the prime minister and his cabinet. Even though the country was seemingly a â€Å"democracy† from then, in fact the government was dominated by the military dictatorship in an authoritarian manner. Civilian leaders were often deposed by military coups. In this period of 35 years the country had three prime ministers who were Field Marshalls who got power from the coups. They were  Field Marshall Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Prime Minister, 1938-1944; 1949-1957), Field Marshall Sarit Dhanarajata (Prime Minister, 1959-1963), and Field Marshall Thanom Kittikachorn (Prime Minister, 1958, 1963-1973).[16]  There were six civilian prime ministers leading the country approximately 4 years out of 35 years of this modernization period, all the rest of the years was under Military leaders.[17] In summary, prime minister position was changed 15 times in 35 years and the political scenario in Thailand was always volatile. Many coups d’etate took place and a number of constitutions were created. Military leaders and dictators had always influenced Thai politics. The governmental structure of Thailand has undergone gradual and practical evolution in response to the various changes. Even so, the basic concepts of constitutional government and monarchy laid down in the 1932 constitution remain more or less the same. We could list them in the following way. In the first figure[18] (Figure 1) the structure of the parliamentary system is given as an example. And later on we also point out the other details of the administrative system.   The first and foremost concept of the charters and constitutions is the status of the monarch as Head of State, Head of Armed Forces, and Upholder of the Buddhist Religion and all other religions. The King, as Head of State, exercises his legislative power through the parliament, executive power through the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister, and judicial power through the courts.  He is empowered with the right to be consulted and to advise and even warn the government when it appears not to administer the state affairs for the good of the people.  So the main points of the constitution are that the highest administrative power belongs to the people not the King and that the power is to be exercised through the peoples representatives. The second concept is about legislative branch, which is a bicameral parliamentary system composing of the House of Representatives (MPs), and the House of Senators. The third concept is the executive branch. As per every constitution, the Prime Minister is head of government and chief executive. The Cabinet is responsible for the administration of 14 ministries, as well as the Office of the Prime Minister. A number of cabinet committees have been set up consisting of relevant ministers, such as the Cabinet Economics Committee and the Cabinet Social Affairs Committee etc. to coordinate major policies concerned. Besides the ministers who were responsible for each ministry, there were a number of ministers holding the portfolio of â€Å"Minister Attached to the Prime Ministers Office.† They were in charge of various responsibilities undertaken by this office which in itself ranks as a ministry and largely deal with formulating the national policy.[19] According to the  framework of a constitutional monarchy,  the Prime Minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.  The country is divided into 75 provinces, excluding Bangkok Metropolis which is the capital of the country.  Each province, which is administered by an appointed governor, is sub-divided into districts, sub-districts or tambons (groups of villages) and villages.  The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) is administered by an elected governor and is divided into 50 districts. Once the first democratic form of government was founded and the constitution was put into effect, conflict began to erupt among the members of the initial ruling coalition. There were four major factions competing for power: the older conservative civilian faction led by Phraya Manopakorn Nititada[20]; the senior military faction led by Phraya Phahol[21]; the junior army and navy faction led by Luang Plaek Phibunsongkhram and the young civilian faction led by Pridi Phanomyong.[22]  In spite of such power struggles, there were some remarkable political events occurred in this period. 1.1.5.  Political events The pursuit of nationalism. The military, led by Major General Plaek Pibulsongkram[23] as Defence Minister, and the civilian liberals led by Pridi as Foreign Minister, worked together harmoniously for several years in the beginning of Constitutional system. But when Pibulsongkramn became the third prime minister in December 1938 this co-operation broke down, and military domination became more overt.   Pibulsongkram was an admirer of Benito Mussolini, and his regime soon developed some fascist characteristics. In early 1939 forty political opponents, both monarchists and democrats, were arrested, and after rigged trials eighteen were executed, which was the first political executions in Siam in over a century. Many others, among them Prince Damrong and Phraya Songsuradej, were exiled. Pibulsongkramn launched a demagogic campaign against the Chinese business class. Chinese schools and newspapers were closed, and taxes on Chinese businesses increased. Siam to Thailand. Also in 1939, Pibulsongkramn changed the countrys name from Siam to Prathet Thai, or Thailand, meaning land of the free. Modernization was also an important theme in Pibulsongkramns new Thai nationalism. From 1938 to 1942 he issued a set of twelve Cultural Mandates. In addition to requiring that all Thais salute the flag, know the National Anthem, and speak the national language, the mandates also encouraged Thais to work hard, stay informed on current events, and to dress in a western fashion. By 1941 it became illegal to ridicule those who attempted to promote national customs. The program also encompassed fine arts. Fiercely nationalistic plays and films were sponsored by the government. Often these depicted a glorious past when Thai warriors fearlessly gained freedom for the country, defended their honor, or sacrifice themselves. Patriotism was taught in schools and was a recurrent theme in songs and dances. At the same time, Pibulsongkram worked rigorously to rid society of its royalist influences traditional royal holidays were replaced with new national events, royal and aristocratic titles were abandoned. Ironically, he retained his aristocratic surname. Even the Sangha was affected when the status of the royally sponsored Thammayuth sect was downgraded.   World War II and Thai politics. In 1940, most of France was occupied by Nazi Germany, and Pibulsongkram immediately set out to avenge Siams humiliations by France in 1893 and 1904, when the French had redrawn the borders of Siam with Laos and Cambodia by forcing a series of treaties.  Anti-French demonstrations were incessantly held around Bangkok, and in late 1940 border skirmishes erupted along the Maekong frontier. On January 9 1941, Thailand attacked southern Vietnam, giving Tokyo a reason to move on Sà  i Gà ²n (Hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å" Chà ­ Minh City).  In 1941, the skirmishes became a small scale war between Vichy France and Thailand. The Thai forces dominated the war on the ground and in the air, but suffered a crushing naval defeat at the battle of Chang Island (Koh Chang). The Japanese then stepped in to mediate the conflict. The final settlement thus gave back to Thailand the disputed areas in Laos and Cambodia. Pibulsongkrams prestige was so increased that he was able to bask in a feeling of being truly the nations leader. As if to celebrate the occasion, he promoted himself to field marshal, skipping the ranks of lieutenant general and general.  This caused a rapid deterioration of relations with the United States and Britain.  In April 1941 the United States cut off petroleum supplies to Thailand. Thailands campaign for territorial expansion came to an end on December 8, 1941 when Japan invaded the country along its southern coastline and from Cambodia. After initially resisting, the Pibulsongkram regime allowed the Japanese to pass through the country in order to attack Burma and invade Malaya. Convinced by the Allied defeats of early 1942 that Japan was winning the war, Pibulsongkram decided to form an actual military alliance with the Japanese. As a reward, Japan allowed Thailand to invade and annex the Shan States in northern Burma, and to resume sovereignty over the sultanates of northern Malaya which had previously been lost in a treaty with Britain.  In January 1942 Pibulsongkram declared war on Britain and the United States, but the Thai Ambassador in Washington, Seni Pramoj, refused to deliver it to the State Department. Instead, Seni denounced the Pibulsongkram regime as illegal and formed a Seri Thai Movement in Washington.  Pridi, by then serving in the role of an apparently powerless regent, led the resistance movement inside Thailand, while former Queen Ramphaiphanni[24] was the nominal head of the movement in Great Britain. Secret training camps were set up, the majority by the populist politician Tiang Sirikhanth in the northeast region of the country. There were a dozen camps in Sakhon Nakhon Province alone. Secret airfields also appeared in the northeast, where Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Force planes brought in supplies, as well as Special Operations Executive, Office of Strategic Services, and Seri Thai agents, while at the same time evacuating out prisoners of war. By early 1945, Thai air force officers were performing liaison duties with South East Asia Command in Kandy and Calcutta[25]. By 1944 it was evident that the Japanese were going to lose the war, and their behaviour in Thailand had become increasingly arrogant. Bangkok also suffered heavily from the Allied bombing raids. This, along with the economic hardship caused by the loss of Thailands rice export markets, made both the war and Pibulsongkrams regime very unpopular. In July 1944 Pibulsongkram was ousted by the Seri Thai-infiltrated government. The National Assembly reconvened and appointed the liberal lawyer Khuang Aphaiwong as Prime Minister. The new government hastily evacuated the British territories that Pibulsongkram had occupied and surreptitiously aided the Seri Thai movement, while at the same time maintaining ostensibly friendly relations with the Japanese. The Japanese surrendered on August 15, 1945. Immediately, the Allied military responsibility for Thailand fell to the British. As soon as practicable, British troops were flown in and these rapidly secured the release of surviving POWs (Prisoners of War). The British were surprised to find that the disarmament of the Japanese soldiers had already been largely completed by the Thais.  The British regarded Thailand as having been partly responsible for the immeasurable damage dealt upon the Allied cause and favored treating the kingdom as a defeated enemy. However, the Americans had no sympathy for what they considered to be British and French colonialism and supported the new government. Thailand thus received little punishment for its wartime role under Pibulsongkram. Post World War II.  Seni Pramoj became Prime Minister in 1945, and promptly restored the name Siam as a symbol of the end of Pibulsongkram s nationalist regime.  However, he found his position at the head of a cabinet packed with Pridi’s loyalists quite uncomfortable. Northeastern populist politicians like Tiang Sirikhanth and Bangkok upstarts like Sanguan Tularaksa were not the sort that the aristocratic Seni preferred to associate with. They, in turn, viewed Seni as an elitist who was entirely out of touch with Thailand’s political realities. Pridi continued to wield power behind the scenes as he had done during the Khuang government. The regent’s looming presence and overarching authority rank led the proud, thin-skinned Seni, fueling a personal animosity that would poison Thailand’s postwar politics. King Rama VIII’s mysterious death.  In December 1945, the young king Rama VIII returned to Siam from Europe, and on 9th July 1946 he was found mysteriously shot dead in the palace. Three palace servants were tried and executed for his murder, but Thai society has preferred not to dwell on the event rather than to investigate its causes.   Democratic elections were subsequently held in January 1946. These were the first elections in which political parties were legal, and Pridis Peoples Party and its allies won a majority. In March 1946 Pridi became Siams first democratically elected Prime Minister. In 1947 he agreed to hand back the French territory occupied in 1940 as the price for admission to the United Nations, the dropping of all wartime claims against Siam and a substantial package of American aid.   The king was succeeded by his younger brother Bhumibol Adulyadej. In August Pridi was forced to resign amid suspicion that he had been involved in the regicide. Without his leadership, the civilian government floundered, and in November 1947 the army, its confidence restored after the debacle of 1945, seized power. After an interim Khuang-headed government, in April 1948 the army brought Pibulsongkram back from exile and made him Prime Minister. Pridi in turn was driven into exile, eventually settling in Beijing as a guest of the Peoples Republic of China. Cold War.  Pibulsongkrams return to power coincided with the onset of the Cold War and the establishment of a Communist regime in North Vietnam. He soon won the support of the U.S., beginning a long tradition of US-backed military regime in Thailand (as the country was again renamed in July 1949, this time permanently). Once again political opponents were arrested and tried, and some were executed. During this time, several of the key figures in the wartime Free Thai (Seri Thai)  underground – including Thawin Udom, Thawi Thawethikul, Chan Bunnak, and Tiang Sirikhanth – were eliminated in extra-legal fashion by the Thai police, run by Pibulsongkram’s ruthless associate Phao Sriyanond. There were attempted counter-coups by Pridi supporters in 1948, 1949 and 1951, the second leading to heavy fighting between the army and navy before Pibulsongkram emerged victorious. In the navys 1951 attempt, popularly known as the Manhattan Coup, Pibulsongkram was nearly kille d when the ship he was held hostage aboard was bombed by the pro-government air force. In 1949 a new constitution was promulgated, creating a Senate appointed by the king (in practice, by the government). But in 1951 the regime abolished its own constitution and reverted to the constitution 1932 arrangements, effectively abolishing the National Assembly as an elected body. This provoked strong opposition from the universities and the press, and led to a further round of trials and repression. The regime was greatly helped, however, by a postwar boom which gathered pace through the 1950s, fuelled by rice exports and U.S. aid. Thailands economy began to diversify, while the population increased and urbanization expanded. New Thai leaders.  By 1955 Pibulsongkram was losing his leading position in the army to younger rivals led by Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat and General Thanom Kittikachorn. To shore up his position he restored the 1949 constitution and called for elections, which his supporters won. But the army was not prepared to give up its power. As a result, in September 1957 it demanded Pibulsongkrams resignation. When Pibulsongkram tried to have Sarit arrested, the army staged a bloodless coup on September 17, 1957, ending Pibulsongkrams career for good. Thanom became Prime Minister until 1958, then yielded his place to Sarit, the real head of the regime. Sarit held power until his death in 1963, when Thanom again took the lead. Sarit and Thanom were the first Thai leaders to have been educated entirely in Thailand, and were less influenced by European political ideas, whether fascist or democratic, than the generation of Pridi and Pibulsongkram. Rather, they were Thai traditionalists, who sought to restore the prestige of the monarchy and to maintain a society based on order, hierarchy and religion. They saw rule by the army as the best means of ensuring this, and also of defeating Communism, which they associated with Thailands traditional enemies, the Vietnamese.  King Bhumibol returned to Thailand in 1951, and his present elevated status thus has its origins in this era. The regimes of Sarit and Thanom were strongly supported by the U.S. Thailand formally became a U.S. ally in 1954 with the formation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). While the war in Indochina was being fought between the Vietnamese and the French, Thailand (disliking both equally) stayed aloof, but once it became a war between the U.S. and the Vietnamese Communists, Thailand committed itself strongly to the U.S. side. Concl

The Man That Can Never Be Replaced :: essays papers

The Man That Can Never Be Replaced One cold December morning with ice on the grass and everybody’s Breaths lingering in the air. It was just another regular December day in Tymber Creek, which is where I grew up my whole life. There is a group of about 13-15 kids that have all grown up together. Some were a couple years older, but that didn’t make much difference except for their size. About five of my closest friends and I decide to get a football game together. We decided to play the older kids in the Creek (our nickname for Tymber Creek). Because every day at the bus stop they told us how they would kill us so we took it as a challenge. As we walk all we saw were monsters, they were huge and ugly with white foam coming out of there mouths like a rabid dog and just scared us to death. Well I decided there is no way I am going to play these guys, but my best friend Stephen told me that we could take them. So there I again believe the impossible. It’s 10:30 a.m. and still just as cold as it was when I got up at 7:00 a.m. and there was no sun. You couldn’t walk straight because of the icy grass and it sure wasn’t the softest thing in the world. So here we go its kick off time. The pigskin is thrown so high in the air that we don’t see it, all we see and feel is the ground trembling and seven of the biggest beasts in the world. It was kind of like seven Shaqs running at seven Mini Me’s. We were dead and all I had on my mind was not to get hit because I would never get up. It was around noon now and all of us decide to take a break and go have lunch. So Stephen and I went to his house which was the biggest house on that street and just stood out because of its peach color. His parents acted like my second family. They treated me like one of there sons. They took me to Sea World, which was a big deal for a kid that’s twelve. Mrs. Vernon who is Stephen’s mom would make us snacks to eat after school and then would take us to the mall just to have fun.

Lindbergh Kidnapping research paper Essay

The trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann in 1935 and the Lindbergh kidnapping was known by many as â€Å"the crime of the century†. Though many are still doubting whether or not Hauptmann actually committed the crime, there is much evidence pointing toward him that proves he was guilty. In examining the evidence presented, there was a great variety of it. It included handwritten evidence, witnesses, the ladder used to get into the baby’s window, and the ransom money found hidden in his home. Many experts who testified clearly identified Hauptmann’s handwriting while witnesses saw him on the Lindbergh estate lingering in his vehicle the day of the crime. In light of the specific type of ransom money that was discovered in his home, Hauptmann’s guilt was confirmed. The presented factors were overwhelming in proving his guilt. Bruno Hauptmann was guilty of the Lindbergh baby kidnapping and murder and should have been executed. Hauptmann had a long history of lawbreaking and violence throughout his teenage years. When he was a teenager, Hauptmann served as a machine gunman on the western front for the German army. During his time served, he lost two of his brothers, who died in battle. Hauptmann also lacked in much of his education. He only attended eight years of school and two years of secondary school for machinery and carpentry. After he was released from the army, he had no choice but to turn to a life of crime. Due to the crashing economy in Germany after the war, unemployment was extremely high, and with little education, Hauptmann needed a way to survive (â€Å"Bruno Richard Hauptmann Biography†). Hauptmann was convicted numerous times in Germany, and after many years of theft, arrests, and jail time, he was sent to prison. Surprisingly, he managed to escape incarceration. Hauptmann’s next step was to try and illegally enter the United States. Two times he failed and was sent to back t o Germany until November of 1923, when he successfully smuggled himself into the United States. During October of 1925, Hauptmann married a German immigrant, Anna Schoeffler, and successfully attempted to live a normal life with her. That was until Hauptmann committed the grisly crime of kidnapping and murdering Charles Lindbergh Jr, a toddler of only 20 months old (â€Å"Bruno Richard Hauptmann Biography†). There was an exorbitant amount of evidence presented to the jury during Hauptmann’s trial. Among the evidence was that of a ransom note left on the windowsill of the Lindbergh  baby’s window. The note read â€Å"Dear Sir! Have 50000$ redy 25000$ in 20$ bills 15000$ in 10$ bills and 10000$ in 5$ bills After 2-4 days we will inform you were to deliver the Mony. We warn you for making anyding public or for notify the Police The child is in gut care. Indication for all letters are singnature and three holes† (â€Å"Letters of Note: The Child Is in Gut Care†). Experts compared the handwriting on the note to that of Hauptmann’s, and it was relatively an identical match. Many of the letters were written the same, for example in the note, the perpetrator curled his at the end â€Å"y†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s, and Hauptmann proved to do the same (Linder). Although there was one expert who testified on Hauptmann’s behalf, his explanation was basically thrown away by the jury because it was outrageous (â€Å"The Evidence Against Hauptmann†). Another crucial piece of evidence found was the ladder Hauptmann used to get himself into Lindbergh’s window. He left the ladder at the crime scene and it was inspected by the crime scene investigators. It was said to be manufactured by the same wood that is used at a lumber yard near Hauptmann’s home. It was constructed at home and made to easily fold into three parts so that it could be transported in a tight space. Hauptmann used this to get into the nursery on the second floor of the Lindbergh home. When investigators looked around Hauptmann’s neighborhood, they discovered a lumber yard and compared the wood used in the ladder and discovered a match. Also, the wood from his attic was used to construct the ladder. Although the defense testified at the trial that the ladder had been soiled and should not be used as a real incriminating piece of evidence, it was still largely considered in the jury’s decision of making a verdict (â€Å"The Evidence Again st Hauptmann†). Hauptmann could not be placed with the child, or committing the heinous crime, but many people witnessed him around the Lindbergh residence a few days before the kidnapping, and even in his vehicle the day of the crime. Doctor John Condon, the man who delivered the ransom money to Hauptmann for the Lindberghs, testified that Hauptmann was definitely the man who was at the meeting spot to pick up the ransom money. There were many witnesses for everything that Hauptmann did previous the crime; he was identified cashing in the gold notes and following the ransom negotiator. However all witnesses except Doctor John Condon refused to identify  Hauptmann for the court. The only witness who testified was Condon (â€Å"The Evidence Against Hauptmann†). In order to hopefully capture the criminal of the crime, the Lindbergh’s paid the murder not in money, but in gold notes. Gold notes were unsuccessful in American banking and were discontinued after 1933. They were very easy to track and very obvious when used. All banks in America had a list of the serial numbers of the gold notes, and once the ransom money was paid, police tracked them for two years. Most of them were used and cashed in the New York area, where Hauptmann lived. The gold notes were used against Hauptmann as evidence when he cashed one in at a gas station and when police found them in his home. A man who worked at a gas station had had his suspicions about Hauptmann and written down his license plate number on the actual gold note and turned it into the police. Upon being turned in, the police tracked the license plate and found it belonged to Hauptmann. The next day, he was arrested and his house was searched. Investigators found $14,000 in his garage and it was discovered to be the ransom money that Condon delivered. (â€Å"The Evidence Against Hauptmann†). The remains of the victim, Charles Lindbergh Jr, were found near his home on May 12, 1932. When detectives further investigated the child’s remains, they discovered that he was killed the night of the kidnapping and Hauptmann rid of his body by leaving it in the woods. They also suggested that Lindbergh Jr was killed the night of the kidnapping, and was never alive while ransom money was being exchanged and negotiated (Linder). America was completely taken aback that someone would cause such heartbreak to their hero, Charles Lindbergh. Local newspapers wrote articles of how the kidnapper deserves the utmost punishment to the full extent of the law (â€Å"Historical Newspapers†). Newspapers also blamed gangs for the kidnapping of the â€Å"Lone Eagle†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s son. Notorious gang leader Al Capone was the center of attention after the crime took place, but in order to clear his name, he offered a $10,000 reward for the safe return of the baby, and also said that he himself would find the murderer if he was let go from incarceration (â€Å"The Crime of the Century†). Hauptmann testified until his last breath that he was innocent. His last words were â€Å"I am glad that my life in a world which has not understood me has ended. Soon I will be at home with my Lord, so I am dying an innocent man. Should, however, my death serve for the purpose of abolishing capital  punishment—such a punishment being arrived at only by circumstantial evidence—I feel that my death has not been in vain. I am at peace with God. I repeat, I protest my innocence of the crime for which I was convicted. However, I die with no malice or hatred in my heart. The love of Christ has filled my soul and I am happy in Him† (Linder). He tried his hardest to convince the jury, the judge, and the prosecuting attorney that he was innocent. However, the evidence spoke for itself. Everything played against Hauptmann’s favor, and he was executed on April 3, 1936 (Linder). The label â€Å"crime of the century† is very pertinent for the Lindbergh trial. Many people mourned for America’s hero after he was forced to deal with such heartbreak. The Lindbergh family were thrown into a pit of despair after the kidnapping and murder of their beloved son. Although many believed that Hauptmann was innocent, and his trial was unfair and tampered with, the amount of evidence presented was enough for the jury to reach a guilty verdict. Amidst the evidence was gold notes that were used as ransom money, handwritten evidence, the ladder used to get into the nursery window, and eyewitnesses. Bruno Richard Hauptmann was guilty for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr and it was a righteous act that he was arrested and executed.

Definition and Examples of the Present Progressive Tense

In  English grammar,  the present progressive is a  verb  construction comprised of a present form of the verb  to be  plus a  present participle that usually conveys a sense of ongoing action at the present time. This construction is also known as the durative aspect. The present progressive is used to describe an activity currently in progress. For example, I am reading  right now. Notice this construction is distinct from the simple present (I read), the present perfect (I have read), and the present perfect progressive (I have been reading). The present progressive also occurs when a speaker is referring to things that are planned for the future, e.g, I am reading at the event tomorrow. Common Usage of Present Progressive According to R. Carter and M. McCarthy, authors of Cambridge Grammar of English, there are numerous reasons for using the present progressive tense: To refer to events that are in progress at the time of speaking or writing To refer to things that are taking place or that are true around the moment of speaking or writing To describe actions that are repeated or regular but are either temporary or may be judged to be temporary To describe regular actions in relation to a particular time or a specified event, especially when those events interrupt something already in progress To refer to gradual processes of change With adverbs of indefinite frequency (such as  always, constantly, continually, forever) to describe events that are regular but unplanned and often undesired Present Progressive vs. Passive Voice Students of English are frequently told that one sure way to improve their is prose by removing passive language, meaning sentences in which the object of an action appears as the main subject. For example: The pins were knocked over by the bowling ball. Passive language introduces be verbs (the pins were  knocked over) that would not appear had the original sentence had been written actively: The bowling ball knocked over the pins. For this reason, some students become wary of using be verbs, thinking they are indicators of passive language, however, this is not always the case. The present progressive tense—a construction that always includes a be verb—should not be confused with passive voice. Present Progressive Examples The best way to get a sense of how the present progressive is used is to review examples that appear in books, movies, and in common speech. Take the following example from Beautiful, a 2009 novel by Amy Reed: I am looking at my piece of pizza. I am watching pepperoni glisten. It is my third day at the new school and I am sitting at a table next to the bathrooms. I am eating lunch with the blond girls with the pink sweaters, the girls who talk incessantly about Harvard even though were only in the seventh grade. Here the present progressive is used to describe a series of actions (looking, sitting, eating) that are all occurring within the same present moment. The use of this tense not only unites these actions but also provides a sense of immediacy, grounding the reader in the present. The present progressive can also be used to describe actions that are habitual or regular or true across time, as is the case with this quote from renowned Irish author and playwright George Bernard Shaw. People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. Shaw uses the present progressive to show that blame is always being assigned, from generation to generation, a symptom of human nature that will never change. Finally, the present progressive may be used to refer to planned actions. In her novel Notting Hell, Rachel Johnson describes a host telling her guests whats for dinner: Anyway, tonight, we  are having  a perfectly balanced supper of fish fingers (essential fatty fish oils), baked beans (lovely roughage) and oven chips (bursting with potato goodness). Present Progressive vs. Simple Present Like past progressive, present progressive tense can be confusing, especially for those learning English as a second language whose native language doesnt have an equivalent verb tense. The authors of The Business Writers Handbook provide the following example: I am searching for an error in the document.[The search is occurring now and may continue.] In contrast, the simple present tense more often relates to habitual actions: I search for errors in my documents.[I regularly search for errors, but I am not necessarily searching now.] The following example provides a further distinction: I live in London.I am living in London. The sense of the first sentence  is that this is a relatively permanent state of affairs—there is no suggestion that the speaker is intending to leave any time soon. In the second sentence, however, the sense is that the situation is temporary. London is where the speaker happens to live at the moment, but this situation may change in the future. Sources Carter, R.; McCarthy, M. Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006Alred, Gerald J.; Brusaw, Charles T.; Oliu, Walter E. The Business Writers Handbook. Twelfth Edition, MacMillan, 2019